Press enter or spacebar to select a desired language.
Library and Learning Centre
Te Whare Pukapuka Wāhanga Whakapakari Ako

Advice from the American Psychological Association (APA)

Reference use of AI as an algorithm output, e.g.

References list entry

OpenAI. (2024). ChatGPT (Mar 14 version) [Large language model]. https://chat.openai.com/chat

In-text citation

_____ (OpenAI, 2024).

Apply the following criteria to reference GenAI

Author: the author of the model. In the case of ChatGPT, this is OpenAI, but it could be a different model author, e.g. Midjourney (an AI image generator).

Date: use the year of the version you used.

Title: the name of the model, e.g ChatGPT, DALL-E, AlphaCode, Rytr.

Version number: include this after the title in parentheses. This may be a date (in the case of OpenAI) or a version number, (e.g., Version 2.0) or some other format depending on the model used.

Bracketed text: provide a descriptor describing the type of model to your reader. This goes in square brackets after the title and version, e.g. [Large language model] or [large multimodal model]. This will depend on how the model publishers describe their particular model.  

Source: This will usually be the URL to the page where you can access the model, e.g. https://chat.openai.com/chat.

How to include your full GenAI output in your assessment

Your assessment may require you to include access to your GenAI output. You can provide this output to your reader/marker by using either an appendix or A. I. Archives:

Using an appendix

Timothy McAdoo, from APA, says:

You may also put the full text of long responses from ChatGPT in an appendix of your paper … so readers have access to the exact text that was generated… remember that an appendix should be called out at least once in the body of your APA Style paper (2023).

McAdoo (2023) gives the following example:

When given a follow-up prompt of “What is a more accurate representation?” the ChatGPT-generated text indicated that “different brain regions work together to support various cognitive processes” and “the functional specialization of different regions can change in response to experience and environmental factors” (OpenAI, 2023; see Appendix A for the full transcript).

A.I. Archives

An alternative to using an Appendix is to use A.I. Archives: https://aiarchives.org/. This is a Chrome extension that lets you share a link to your full chat, which makes it retrievable by others.
A.I. Archives "allows you to share your Claude, Gemini, and ChatGPT conversations via URL" (A. I. Archives, 2023, para. 1).

See Timothy McAdoo’s full article here: How to cite ChatGPT 


References

McAdoo, T. (2023, April 7). How to cite ChatGPT. APA Style. https://apastyle.apa.org/blog/how-to-cite-chatgpt

A. I. Archives. (2024, November 6). A.I. Archives: Share Claude, ChatGPT, Gemini, Meta. Chrome Web Store. https://chromewebstore.google.com/detail/ai-archives-share-claude/jagobfpimhagccjbkchfdilhejgfggna?hl=en 



Last updated 22 November 2024

Meri Kirihimete! Our services over the 23rd Dec-3rd of Jan.

Our online collections remain available throughout the holiday period. We will have staff to support you on 23rd, 24th Dec & 3rd Jan. Print book services resume from the 6th of Jan. We wish everyone a restful break over the holidays.